Sunday, December 30, 2012

Sustainable Development

By the year 2200 there will be a lot more people living on this planet then there are now. Estimates range anywhere from 15 to 36 billion people. Where will these people live? How will they live? The answer is sustainable development. Sustainable development, "meets the needs of the present without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their own needs. " It also, "requires meeting the basic needs of all peoples and extending to them the opportunity to fulfill their aspirations for a better life. A world in which poverty is endemic will always be prone to ecological and other catastrophes." Sustainable development is being ignored in Chile, the Philippines, and Siberia, practiced in Madagascar and in Alaska, and examined in the Lake Baikal region of Russia. These Countries must learn from each other's failures and success to discover what sustainable development involves in their own country.
Sustainable development has three divisions, economic, environmental, and social. If sustainability is to occur it must, meet these three divisions. In Chile, none of these divisions is being met. Economically speaking, almost 40% of the population is poor and as a result many make a living directly from the land clearing forests. In the IVth region of Chile, forest regions are being depleted at an amazing rate. This depletion of the forest in this region results in two main things, one, people must spend increasing amounts of energy traveling to the site of present cutting and two, the removal of the trees over time has lead to soil erosion and rapid desertification of the area. This soil erosion also removes many nutrients from the soil making the land poor for agriculture. The third division, social, is not met here either. The lack of organizations to relieve the negative effects of poverty on the environment have only contributed to the problem.
In the Philippines the environmental degradation is similar in nature but more catastrophic in result. There in the province of Leyte 6000 people were killed when flash flood ripped through Ormoc City in 1991. The floods were a result of logging of a forest in that region and conversion of that area into commercial farming practices such as sugarcane. This in itself did not cause the floods, the conversion of the forest into farming left the heavy rain from a typhoon with nowhere to go. Normally the forest would have stopped any flash floods as it would have held the water let it out slowly, but with the forests gone there was nothing to delay the water from exiting the system. The economical effect of this that land and buildings were destroyed causing millions of peso's worth of damage. The social impact is easy to discern, those who lost loved ones, friends, and family can never get them back.
In Madagascar the same type of thing was happening. Locals were cutting down the forest and planting rice and cassava. It was estimated that this process of deforestation was costing the country between, "100 and 300 million a year in decreased crop yields, the loss of productive forests and damage to infrastructure." Something needed to be done, the government implemented a plan to, "protect and improve the environment while working for sustainable development."
The approach integrates all aspects of sustainable development. Socially, a public education programme explains why locals shouldn't cut down the tree's and why it is economically more important that they don't. Environmentally, the forests will not be lost now. And economically some cutting is still down however it is sustainable cutting. New jobs were also created in this program. In order to persuade villagers that this was the best route to take, half of all fees paid by tourists to enter the parks within which the forests are, go directly to development projects for the community. They go to the community because of the "positive correlation between prosperity and environmental quality. This means that the more prosperous you are the more you can afford to clean up the environment. A poor country like Madagascar could not possibly invest as much capital as Canada could into the reduction of Air pollution or the clean up of contaminants in soil.
In the Russian north all aspects of sustainability were ignored. There in part of Siberia that stretches from the Ural Mountains in the west to the Novosibirsk in the south, [see appendix one, fig one] the environmental and social divisions of sustainable development were ignored for the economical. This region produces 78% of Russia's oil and 84% of it's natural gas. It also happens to be rich in fish and reindeer, the principle resources of the Yamal Nenets whom are the indigenous peoples of the area.
Under Stalin socialist plan of the 1930's, the Nenet's were forced to change their traditional way of life - one that was completely sustainable - to one based on collective farms. The children were put in state schools and lost much of their traditional knowledge. The creation of the massive oil fields and gas reservoirs were started. The pollution that these industries created in air, land, and sea, destroyed any hope of ever going back to anything like their traditional way of life. The massive plants took up to as much as a third of the summer grazing grounds for the reindeer, and the Ob river has been severely polluted from industrial centers in the south. The social aspect, that of destroying way of life of the Nenet's, the pollution caused by the plants is the disregard for the environmental aspect, and the economical aspect's importance was, by far, outweighed in terms of the other two aspects in terms of planning.
In contrast the U.S. has developed a different policy in it's North. Like Siberia, Alaska has a lot of resources centered environmentally sensitive lands. Similarly, Alaska also has it's own indigenous peoples, the Iñupiat Eskimo, who have, like the Nenet's traditionally had sustainable way of life. The ancestral calving grounds of Porcupine Caribou Herd, one of the largest in the world at 160000 animals, is located on the coastal plain of the Arctic National Wildlife reserve. The Iñupiat herd these animals and require this land to sustain their way of life. This also is the site for one of the largest possible oil fields in North America and as such there is much debate on the lands uses.
The Iñupiat want the money that the industry would bring in but fear the environmental implications as well. In 1971, the U.S. Congress passed a native land claims settlement act that meant that native groups had a much greater say in the possible land uses. Following the passage of the act, the Iñupiat formed the largest City in North America (in terms of Geography, see Appendix One, fig. two), the North Slope Borough, and began to tax any oil revenue made within the city. This revenue - in the millions of dollars - let the Iñupiat live a modern lifestyle and still engage in their traditional subsistence practices. The Iñupiat also retained a greater control over environmental rules and regulations, which they used to make sure little pollution occurred. In this example, all three aspects of sustainable development were used. Economically, everyone made money, socially no group was adversely effected, and environmentally there is little or no pollution, certainly nothing like that in Siberia.
Siberia may also be the place for trying a new method of sustainable development. This new method created by George D. Davis hopes to be a, "rational compromise between the economic needs of a people and the ecological needs of their land." It employs a method of zoning an area or region as to it's possible land use's. The area that this new method is being tested on is Lake Baikal, the biggest, oldest, deepest repository of freshwater on the planet, one fifth of the worlds total freshwater is found in Lake Baikal. This lake is also home to more than 1800 species found nowhere else on the planet. To save such an unique place on earth it was necessary to account for all three area's of sustainability. This was accomplished by zoning the entire Lake Baikal watershed into 25 different types of zones ranging from farmland to industrial parks. A total of 52 million acres were set aside as parks, reserves, greenbelts, and landscapes. As well as zoning the entire basin, an agreement was struck to reduce and hopefully end the pollution that enters Lake Baikal's watershed. In this way, not only was the environment saved, but so were peoples jobs and thus the social and economic well-being.
The Lake Baikal zoning method is an example of how new methods of sustainable development are always being created. Countries like Chile, the Philippines, and Zimbabwe all can learn a lot from examples such as Madagascar, the United States, and the zoning method in Russia. In fact all countries can learn a lot from the success and failures of each other. In every successful case of sustainable development the three aspects were met, economical, environmental, and social. In every failure at least one or more was missing. The lessons learned now can only help us as we enter the next millennia, and over 15 billion people.

42 comments:

  1. I discovered your weblog web site on google and check just a few of your early posts.
    Proceed to maintain up the

    superb operate. I simply additional up your RSS feed to my MSN Information Reader.



    In search of forward to reading more from you later on!…
    Feel free to visit my blog post pet Supplies malaga spain

    ReplyDelete
  2. I'm commenting to let you understand what a excellent discovery my daughter gained reading your webblog. She learned such a lot of pieces, including what it is like

    to possess a wonderful

    teaching character to make certain people with ease have an understanding of selected specialized issues. You actually did more than our own expectations. Many thanks for displaying the important, trustworthy, informative and as well as fun tips about your topic to Emily.

    Also visit my blog: http://forums.zdaemon.org
    Also visit my website - tortosa spain forum Benissa

    ReplyDelete
  3. Hiya! Quick question that's entirely off

    topic. Do you know how to make your site mobile friendly? My blog looks weird when

    browsing from my apple iphone. I'm trying to find a template or plugin that

    might be able to correct this problem. If you have any suggestions, please share.



    Many thanks!

    Here is my page http://cloudp01.ifca.es
    My page :: Freesat TV Costa Blanca Spain

    ReplyDelete
  4. Hello There. I discovered your weblog the use of msn.

    That is a

    very neatly written article. I will make sure to bookmark it and

    come back to learn more of your helpful information.
    Thanks for the

    post. I’ll certainly return.

    my webpage - adocu.com
    My website : 10 day weather forecast javea spain

    ReplyDelete
  5. Thanks for another informative web site. Where else could
    I get that kind of

    information written in such an ideal way? I have a project that I'm just now working on,

    and I have been on the look out for such info.

    Stop by my page; http://www.menabsl.com
    My web blog - http://www.catral.biz/catral-costa-blanca-illegal-property-villas-houses.html

    ReplyDelete
  6. Yesterday, while I was at work, my sister stole my apple
    ipad and tested to

    see if it can survive a 40 foot drop, just so
    she can be a youtube sensation. My iPad is now broken and she has 83 views.
    I know this is completely off topic but I

    had to share it with someone!

    Also visit my webpage ... c-rv.de
    My blog - catfishing ebro

    ReplyDelete
  7. My programmer is trying to persuade me to move to .net from PHP.

    I have always disliked the

    idea because of the costs. But he's tryiong none the less. I've been using Movable-type on a
    number

    of websites for about a year and am anxious about

    switching to another platform. I have heard very good things
    about blogengine.net. Is

    there a way I can import all my wordpress posts into it?
    Any kind of help would be

    greatly appreciated!

    Look at my blog ... space needle orange
    Feel free to surf my web site ; space x returns to earth

    ReplyDelete
  8. Wonderful work! This is the type of info
    that should be shared around the internet. Shame on Google
    for not positioning this post higher! Come on over and visit my

    website . Thanks =)

    Here is my blog post http://amelano.net
    My page - do-it-yourself solar powered heating

    ReplyDelete
  9. Superb site you have here but I was wondering if you knew of any discussion

    boards that cover the same topics discussed
    in this article? I'd really like to

    be a part of community where I can get responses from other knowledgeable individuals that share the same interest. If you have any

    suggestions, please let me know. Appreciate

    it!

    Feel free to visit my blog: spanish alphabet for classroom
    Visit my weblog - mailing gifts spain

    ReplyDelete
  10. Do you have a spam problem on this website; I
    also am a blogger, and I was wondering your situation; we have created some nice procedures and we


    are looking to swap techniques with others, please shoot
    me an email if interested.

    Feel free to surf to my web blog: 2011 nfl draft projections
    Feel free to surf my page - airport transfers alicante to javea

    ReplyDelete
  11. Hello! Do you use Twitter? I'd like to follow you if that would be

    ok. I'm definitely enjoying your blog and look forward to
    new posts.

    My blog post :: mohanpatel.co.uk
    Check out my web blog :: spain consulate trinidad tobago

    ReplyDelete
  12. In this great pattern of things you receive a B- just for effort.
    Where exactly you misplaced me was on your facts.
    You know, people say, details make or break the argument.
    . And that could not be

    more accurate in this article. Having said that, let me inform you what exactly

    did deliver the results. The article (parts of it)


    is definitely very

    convincing and this is most likely why

    I am making the effort in order to opine. I do not make it a regular habit of

    doing that. Next, while I can easily notice the jumps in reasoning you
    make, I am not certain of exactly how you appear to

    connect the ideas which make

    the final result. For now I shall

    yield to your issue but wish in the foreseeable future

    you actually link the facts better.

    My webpage :: 4 letter words that start with q and end with t
    Also visit my website ; 3 doors down kryptonite lyrics

    ReplyDelete
  13. Hello.This post was really interesting, particularly

    since I was searching for thoughts on this matter last

    week.

    Feel free to surf to my web site :: 10 day weather javea bbc
    My blog ... 2012 us open qualifying locations

    ReplyDelete
  14. I just like the helpful information you provide for your


    articles. I’ll bookmark your blog and check once more right here

    regularly. I am relatively certain

    I’ll be told many new stuff proper right

    here! Good luck for the next!

    Here is my blog - www.ronen123.blogspot.fr
    Feel free to surf my blog post - subwoofer controller

    ReplyDelete
  15. Wow, incredible blog layout! How long have you been blogging for?


    you made blogging look easy. The overall look of your web site is fantastic, let alone the content!



    Feel free to surf to my web page diy solar powered sytem
    Have a look at my weblog :: http://www.diysolarheatingspain.com/

    ReplyDelete
  16. This really answered my drawback, thanks!

    Feel free to surf to my blog post ... http://mypinoyvideos.net/
    Here is my blog spain weather year round

    ReplyDelete
  17. Really enjoyed this article, can I set it up so I receive an alert email every
    time you

    publish a fresh post?

    Here is my blog: http://bookmarks.facegootwi.com/search.php/all/Flixya - Share Videos, Photos, Blogs
    Feel free to surf my web site :: trace cell phone number

    ReplyDelete
  18. WONDERFUL Post.thanks for share..more wait .. …

    Here is my web-site: olgabonfiglio.blogspot.fr
    Have a look at my web site ; 4 hour body diet plan tim ferriss

    ReplyDelete
  19. Great post. I was checking constantly this blog
    and I'm impressed! Very

    helpful information particularly the last part :) I care for such info much. I was seeking this certain information for a long time. Thank you and good luck.

    My blog 2011 nfl mock draft by college
    Feel free to surf my weblog - 2011 juco world series box scores

    ReplyDelete
  20. I’d should check with you here. Which isn't one

    thing I normally do! I enjoy reading a

    publish that will make individuals think. Additionally, thanks for

    permitting me to remark!

    my blog post ... http://thedifferentshoe.blogspot.de/2011/07/low-cost-lux.html
    My website :: Air fare

    ReplyDelete
  21. Magnificent goods from you, man. I've understand your stuff previous to and

    you are just extremely excellent. I really like what

    you have acquired here, certainly like what you are saying and the way in which you

    say it. You make it entertaining and you still take care of to keep it smart. I

    cant wait to read much more from you. This is actually a wonderful web site.

    Also visit my site ... wikisf.ro
    Feel free to visit my site - villas for sale in Murcia

    ReplyDelete
  22. naturally like your website but you need to

    check the spelling on several of your posts.
    A number of them are rife with

    spelling issues and I find it very troublesome to tell the
    reality on the other hand I’ll definitely come

    back again.

    Also visit my website ... philippeleclair.blogspot.fr
    Also visit my website - hiking gear checklist

    ReplyDelete
  23. I used to be suggested this website by way of my cousin.


    I am now not positive whether this submit is

    written by means of him as nobody else recognize

    such exact

    about my trouble. You're amazing! Thank you!

    Also visit my blog; oszone.net
    My web-site :: casino express

    ReplyDelete
  24. Hello, i believe that i noticed you visited my web site thus i

    came to “return the choose”.I am attempting to find things to
    improve my website!I assume its

    good enough to make use of some of your concepts!!

    Have a look at my blog; dnouglubitelnye-raboty.bosa.org.ua
    My page :: properties Elche

    ReplyDelete
  25. I know this if off topic but I'm looking into starting my own weblog and was curious what all is

    required to get setup? I'm assuming having a blog like yours would
    cost a pretty penny? I'm not very

    internet savvy so I'm not 100% certain. Any suggestions or advice

    would be greatly appreciated. Thank you

    Also visit my page - http://wine101nc.com/?/member/46154/
    Also visit my homepage ; Sky TV Costa Blanca Spain

    ReplyDelete
  26. Hi there are using Wordpress for your site
    platform? I'm new to the

    blog world but I'm trying to get started and create my
    own. Do you require any coding

    expertise to make your own blog? Any help would be greatly appreciated!


    My weblog; http://okoo.net/MyeshaBradley78
    Here is my homepage - Review

    ReplyDelete
  27. I have been exploring for a little for any high-quality articles or

    weblog posts in this sort of area . Exploring in Yahoo I

    ultimately stumbled upon this site. Reading this information So i’m


    satisfied to show that I've an incredibly just right uncanny feeling I came upon exactly what I needed. I such a lot

    unquestionably will

    make sure to don’t put out of your mind this site and provides it a glance on a relentless basis.

    Also visit my homepage: http://links.esfera.mobi/search.php/all/Sin título — Watching TV On The Web
    Here is my web-site ... British TV Costa Blanca

    ReplyDelete
  28. of course like your website but you have to check the

    spelling on quite a few of your posts. A number
    of them are rife with spelling issues

    and I find it very bothersome to tell the truth nevertheless I’ll certainly
    come

    back again.

    Here is my blog post; blogspot.com
    Here is my website ... Http://booksmartgirl.blogspot.Ru

    ReplyDelete
  29. I've been absent for some time, but now I remember why I used to love this website.

    Thank you, I’ll try and check back more frequently. How frequently you update your site?
    My page ... http://wiki.escuelab.org/index.php?title=Top_Destinations_In_Alicante

    ReplyDelete
  30. It's the best time to make a few plans for the future

    and it is time to be happy. I've read this submit and if I may just I desire
    to recommend you few attention-

    grabbing things or suggestions. Maybe you can write subsequent articles


    relating to this article. I want to read even
    more

    issues about it!
    My blog - www.Explodingrabbit.com

    ReplyDelete
  31. Howdy! I know this is kinda off topic

    nevertheless I'd figured I'd ask. Would you be interested in trading links
    or maybe guest

    authoring a blog article or vice-versa? My site addresses a

    lot of the same subjects as yours and I think we could greatly benefit from each other.

    If you are interested feel free to send me an e-mail.
    I look forward to

    hearing from you! Terrific blog by the way!
    Also see my web site - sacrificepawn.blogspot.fr

    ReplyDelete
  32. Terrific paintings! That is the kind of information
    that are meant

    to be shared around the internet. Shame on Google for no longer
    positioning this submit upper! Come on

    over and consult with my website . Thanks

    =)
    Visit my web blog :: blogspot.co.uk

    ReplyDelete
  33. Spot on with this write-up, I really assume this web site wants

    way more consideration. I’ll probably be once

    more to learn much more, thanks for that info.
    Also see my website :: www.ourladiescollection.com

    ReplyDelete
  34. I have been exploring for a little for any high-quality articles or

    weblog posts in this sort of area . Exploring in
    Yahoo I eventually stumbled upon this web site.
    Reading this info So i am

    satisfied to convey that I have an incredibly just right uncanny feeling I found out
    exactly what I needed. I most

    certainly will

    make sure to do not fail to remember this website and provides it a glance regularly.
    Here is my page :: ajgbfkn.pdyeswnm.ofnrkx.zxvfxd.vzapc.forum.mythem.es

    ReplyDelete
  35. I'm curious to find out what blog platform you're working with?
    I'm experiencing some small security problems with my latest website and I would like to find something more safe. Do you have any recommendations?
    Have a look at my web blog itherapy.uk.com

    ReplyDelete
  36. Awesome blog! Do you have any hints for aspiring
    writers? I'm hoping to start my own site

    soon but I'm a little lost on everything. Would you advise
    starting with a free platform like

    Wordpress or go for a paid option? There are so many choices out
    there that I'm totally confused .. Any suggestions? Thanks!
    Here is my webpage :: Thintanahe.Free.fr

    ReplyDelete
  37. When I originally commented I clicked the -Notify me when new feedback are added-


    checkbox and now every time a remark is added I get 4 emails with the same
    comment.

    Is there any means you'll be able to take away me

    from that service? Thanks!
    Also see my webpage > http://wf-federation.ru/

    ReplyDelete
  38. I do agree with all the ideas you have presented in your post.
    They're very

    convincing and will definitely work. Still, the posts are too short for beginners. Could you please extend them a bit from next time? Thanks for the post.

    Look at my web page http://link.odt.org.do

    ReplyDelete
  39. Woah! I'm really enjoying the template/theme of this site. It's simple, yet effective.
    A

    lot of times it's very hard to get that "perfect balance" between usability and visual appeal. I must say

    you've done a awesome job with this. Also,

    the blog loads super fast for me on Safari. Superb
    Blog!

    Here is my weblog trrackedaddons.com

    ReplyDelete
  40. Wow, wonderful blog layout! How long have you been blogging for?


    you made blogging look easy. The overall look of your site is

    magnificent, let alone the content!

    Here is my web blog :: mygob.co.uk

    ReplyDelete
  41. Hmm it appears like your website ate my first comment (it was extremely long) so
    I guess

    I'll just sum it up what I submitted and say, I'm thoroughly enjoying your
    blog. I too am an

    aspiring blog blogger but I'm still new to everything. Do you have any helpful hints for novice blog

    writers? I'd definitely appreciate it.

    Feel free to visit my web blog ... http://www.gold-annuaire.net/user_detail.php?u=curtiswalker99

    ReplyDelete
  42. WONDERFUL Post.thanks for share..more wait .. …

    My website :: http://moodle.presentationhs.org/user/profile.php?id=63995

    ReplyDelete