Ural Mountains

David Bennington Bennington 1
Mr. Macintosh
Environmental Science CP9
HR. 5 1/6/96


Ural Mountains

The Ural Mountains are a rugged spine across Russia, running 1,300 miles from the fringe of the Arctic in the North, to the bend of the Ural River in the South. Traditionally they form a boundary between Europe and Asia. The north-south course of the Urals is relatively narrow, varying from about 20 to 90 miles in width, but it cuts across the vast latitude landscape regions of the Eurasian landmass, from Arctic waste to semidesert; the Urals also are part of the Ural economic region, a highly developed industrial complex closely tied to the mineral-rich Siberian region, and are the home of people with roots reaching deep into history.
Physical Features
The Urals divide into five sections. The northernmost Polar Urals extend some 240 miles from Mount Konstantinov Kamen in the north-east to the Khulga River the southeast; most mountains rise to 3300-3600 feet above sea level, although the highest peak, Mount Payer reaches 4829 ft. The next stretch, the Nether-Polar Urals, extends for more than 140 miles south to the Shchugor River. This section contains the highest peaks of the entire range, including Mount Narodnaya which reaches 6217 ft. and Mount Karpinsk Which is 6161 ft.
These first two sections are typically Alpine and are Strewn with Glaciers and are heavily marked with permafrost. Farther south come the Northern Urals, which stretch for more than 340 miles to the Usa River in the south; most mountains top 3300 feet, and the highest peak, Mount Telpos-Iz, rises 5305 ft. Many of the summits are flattened, the remnants of the ancient Peneplains uplifted by geographically tectonic movements. In the north, intensive weathering has resulted in vast "seas of stone" on mountain slopes and summits. The lower Central Urals extend more than 200 miles to the Ufa river, rarely exceeding 1600 ft., althought the highest peak Mount SrednyBascy, rises to 3261 ft. The summits are smooth, with isolated residual outcrops. The last portion, the Southern Urals, extends some 340 miles to the westward bend of the Ural River and consists of several parallel ridges rising to 3900 ft. and culminating in Mount Yamantau, 580 ft.; the section terminates in the wide uplands of the Mugadozer hills.
The People
Human habitation of the Urals dates to the distant past, The Nenetes are Sanoyed people of the Pay-Khoyregion, and their language belongs to the Samoyedic group of languages, which is widespread throughout northern Siberia. The most numerous indigenous groups the Bashkir, long settled in the southern Urals speak a tongue relater to the Turkic group. The Russian population is the largest group of people and is concentrated primarily in the central and southern Urals. Most Russians live in cities notably Yekaterianburg, Chelyabinsk, Perm, Ufa, and work in industries.


Bennington 2
The Economy
The Urals are extremely rich in mineral resources. Ore deposits for example notably Magnetite, predominate the Eastern slope, where contact deposits are found, as at Vysokogorsk and Mount Blagodat. Some ore's contain alloy metals, Vanadium and Titanium are two. The largest Copper ore deposits are at Gay and Sebia and Nickel ore's are found at Ufaley. There are also large deposits of bauxite, gold, platinum, and cromite. There are Petroleum and Natural Gas deposits in the Ishimbay and Karasnokamsk areas.
Because of it's wealth of mineral resources, the leading industries in the Urals are Mining, Metallurgy, machine building, and chemicals. Of National importance are the metallurgical plants at Magmitogorsk, Chelyabinsk, and NizhnyThigl; chemical plants at Perm, Ufa, and Oremburg; and large scale engineering at Yekaterinburg.